Physicists successfully map individual atoms in 3D
Technology can evolve at such a rapid rate that many scientific discoveries are not just pushing boundaries, they're practically barging them. Example, Physicists at UCLA have managed to 3D-map the position of individual atoms to a precision of 19 trillionths of a meter (that's several times smaller than a hydrogen atom, for those of you playing at home) using a creative scanning technique. The method will help scientists and engineers build things -- such as aircraft components -- that lack point defects (i.e. missing atoms) that can have detrimental effects on structural integrity.
The new procedure is called "scanning transmission electron microscopy" and works by passing an electron beam over a sample and measuring how many electrons interact with the atoms in said sample. Different arrangements of atoms react with the electrons in different ways so the outcome is unique to a particular atomic structure. The team conducts the initial scan which produces a 2D image, and in order to get to the final 3D product, they combine several scans from different angles. The downside of this technique is that multiple scans can potentiality damage the sample.
The research is led by Jianwei (John) Miao, a UCLA professor of physics.
Currently, a method known as X-Ray crystallography is used to map the layout of billions of atoms at a time, but has never been able to pinpoint an atom's exact coordinates. This all encompassing procedure makes identifying a missing atom impossible.
"Our measurements are so precise, and any vibrations -- like a person walking by -- can affect what we measure," said Peter Ercius, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The team of UCLA scientists who happened across this discovery now plan to use it in order to study magnetic properties.
[Image Credit: Mary Scott and Jianwei (John) Miao/UCLA]
